ࡱ> Y$( / 0LDTimes New RomanttU 0@ .  @n?" dd@  @@`` p'       # lAA1?@8 ʚ;ʚ;g4`d`dU 0p p@ <4!d!d@w 0tU<4dddd@w 0tU<4BdBd@w 0tU80___PPT10 pp? %Fitzgerald, M. H., Khavarpour, F., & Williamson, P. (2001, 28-30 May). Research ethics as culture and cultural process. Paper presented at the Diversity in Health: Sharing Global Perspectives Conference,, (p. 71). Sydney, Australia.Tv<&     0Research Ethics as Culture and Cultural Process 1/ :Maureen H. Fitzgerald Freidoon Khavarpour Peter Williamson;: X      Culture and Cultural Processethics as culture the review process as a cultural and culturally constituted and guided process judgements as culturally biased  Ethical Ethnocentrismy My beliefs differ from yours, therefore you are unethical. (Cassell & Jacobs, 1987, p. 1, emphasis in the original) ^?:*   8"@3 Cultural AssumptionsNature of knowledge How to obtain knowledge Universalism Personhood and the individualised self Decision making Advised consent etc Ethics are LocalOProduct of Reflection of the local cultural and moral world (Christakis, 1992)H#=" Concept of EthicsxReasoning tool to develop knowledge about the  right way to behave to decide what is to be done (or not done) given any particular set of circumstances to reason about what  ought to be 4   Ethicpertaining to morals; ethical; an overall emphasis on moral matters (The Macquarie Dictionary, 1991) a moral principle or set of moral values held by an individual or group (The Collins English Dictionary, Australian Edition, 1989) the discipline dealing with what is good and bad and with moral duty and obligation; a set of moral principles or values; a theory or system of moral values; the principles of conduct governing an individual or group, i.e., professional (Webster's New Collegiate Dictionary, 1971) Z""""" " """"""" ":"  $" " """"""""""Q"+" Ethicsta system of moral principles by which human actions and proposals may be judged good or bad or right or wrong; the rules of conduct recognised in respect of a particular class of human actions; moral principles, as of an individual (The Macquarie Dictionary, 1991) the philosophical study of the moral value of human conduct and the rules and principles that ought to govern it; a social, religious, or civil code of behaviour considered correct, especially that of a particular group, profession, or individual; the moral fitness of a decision, course of action, etc. (The Collins English Dictionary, Australian Edition, 1989)LuZ ""?" """U""!" """""4""J""H""/":"   Ethical@pertaining to or dealing with morals or the principles of morality; pertaining to right and wrong in conduct; in accordance with the rules or standards for right conduct or practice, especially the standards of a profession (The Macquarie Dictionary, 1991) in accordance with principles of conduct considered correct, especially those of a given profession or group; of or related to ethics (The Collins English Dictionary, Australian Edition, 1989) of or relating to ethics; conforming to accepted professional standards of conduct (Webster's New Collegiate Dictionary, 1971)$AZ""""""-" """%" ""!"4""K":"?" " "," Ethics as CultureIf based on morals, values, perceptions of right and wrong, and social norms of particular groups, then obviously cultural Morals, values, norms, beliefs and way of conceptualising and judging human behaviour are fundamentals of culture and cultural difference 'Some Cultural and Methodological IssuesAdvised Consent Coercion vs compensation Core concepts Concepts of self and personhood Beneficence, privacy, public vs private, respect&7Q7Q,Y uData collection Design flexibility Gatekeeping Methodological standards Ownership Data, knowledge, bodily fluids, etc&R$R$# H'Some Cultural and Methodological IssuesRole of people in research What to call the people involved Acceptable sources of data Standards for social and interpersonal behaviourZ eStorage of data Who,where, when, how, for how long Trust Validity What constitutes data Etc, etc, etc6#3#3  Methodology   Consent   Key Ethical DilemmasDifferences in the ethical principles of the society (or profession) in which the researcher works or is regulated and those of the group with whom the researcher works Ethical standards for one kind of research inappropriately imposed on another P Ethics are_An extraordinarily complex cultural phenomenon (Weisz, 1990) Cultural process Cultural productL0". 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H T 0޽h ? a($  0 pd$(  dr d S 8P   r d S P  H d 0޽h ? a(80___PPT10.Z)rlT6a$9y eQ= ) S{H1Oh+'0@H 4Research Ethics as Culture and Cultural Process Maureen Fitzgerald10@N@P`Zs՜.+,0   On-screen ShowV ^ Times New RomanDefault DesignFitzgerald, M. H., Khavarpour, F., & Williamson, P. (2001, 28-30 May). Research ethics as culture and cultural process. Paper presented at the Diversity in Health: Sharing Global Perspectives Conference,, (p. 71). Sydney, Australia.1Research Ethics as Culture and Cultural Process Culture and Cultural ProcessEthical EthnocentrismCultural AssumptionsEthics are LocalConcept of EthicsEthicEthicsEthicalEthics as Culture(Some Cultural and Methodological Issues(Some Cultural and Methodological Issues Methodology ConsentKey Ethical Dilemmas Ethics are Conclusion Slide 19  Fonts UsedDesign Template Slide Titles*_2 Maureen FitzgeraldMaureen Fitzgerald  !"#$%&'()*+,-./0123456789:;<=>?@ABCDEFGHIJKLMNOPQRSTUVWXYZ[\]^_`abcdefghijklmnopqrstuvwxyz{|}~Root EntrydO)Current UserSummaryInformation(PowerPoint Document(V DocumentSummaryInformation8Root EntrydO) ba@Current User/SummaryInformation(PowerPoint Document(V _2 ChookChook